Though a conguero first, I am an attorney in the field of intellectual property (patents, trademarks and copyrights).
The "poor man's patent" technique of mailing yourself stuff works only for copyrights, not patents. If you compose a song, go ahead and mail it to yourself. If you invent a new conga improvement or related device, forget it.
applying for a patent is no joke and expensive, so here's some street smarts:
* make sure it's actually never been done - check
http://www.uspto.gov and search the internet for a quick and cheap "knockout" search. do not limit your looksee to just congas because similar inventions for other drums or musical instruments or even in seemingly unrelated machinery may have been claimed in the past.
* expenses start with a lawyer hired to "prosecute" the patent application, a mind blowingly complex administrative maze. for a mechanical application (how congas work), think $5,000. as you know, that could finance a lot of prime barrels for your private collection. and there's no guarantee a patent will be granted.
* getting a patent is nice and all but it needs to make money. in the conga world, this means inventing something that people who make congas will feel they MUST use. you can sell the patent to a company for a lump $um and walk away or you can license fees to multiple manufacturers and hold the patent until it expires (20 yrs after the date you file the app). most patents do not make it this far and the conga biz is not as lucrative as the cell phone biz so even great ideas that can't translate into $$$ won't be worth it.
* if you invent a winner and get it patented and conga makers want to use it, you face a new, nightmare expense. suppose you discover a manufacturer incorporating your
invention into a new line of barrels and you write them nice letters saying to recognize it. Their lawyers might advise to ignore you! the system does not penalize them for ignoring you. they make you sue them because if you sue and win they probably won't pay a dime more for misbehaving. in other words, their is no incentive for them to recognize you and your patent! patent litigation is the most expensive of all and legions of goodhearted inventors have been broken by the fight. a legal system that leans this hard on the little guy is a broken system: that's why i quit my job to teach yoga.
the foam
invention is so ingenious and simple you could probably start manufacturing and selling the first run for low money and sell out just to us denizens of this congaplace digital tribe! i'm in for a few!
good luck and i'll meet you on the One, son!
kidcoux